Asperger’s and high-functioning autism (HFA) both describe people on the autism spectrum who don’t have intellectual disability—but the key difference lies in early language milestones. 

Asperger’s (now folded into “Level 1 ASD” in DSM‑5) describes individuals without early speech delay, while HFA includes those with early language delays but average intelligence.

What Makes Them Different?

1. Language Development

• People once diagnosed with Asperger’s spoke on time—but often showed social‑language quirks and rigid interestsBluesprig AutismWikipedia.

• In HFA, language may emerge later, even though cognitive abilities are similar.

2. Diagnostic Shift & Support Levels

• Since 2013, DSM‑5 merged both under Autism Spectrum Disorder, specifically Level 1 ASD—meaning they need little to no support.

• Terms like “high‑functioning” can be misleading—many still face challenges in sensory processing, routines, or emotional regulation.

3. Prevalence & Identity

• Around 44% of individuals with ASD are considered high-functioning (i.e., Level 1.

• Many still prefer the term Asperger’s—it feels like part of their identity, even if it's no longer a clinical label.

Beyond Labels

• Think in terms of support needs, not labels. Someone might be verbally fluent yet struggle with social skills or sensory overwhelm.

• Language and identity matter—many appreciate the term “Asperger’s” as a marker of lived experience, not a clinical box.

Exploring ABA Support?

If you’re in Georgia, Tennessee, Virginia, or North Carolina, Blossom  ABA  Therapy offers compassionate, individualized ABA services rooted in respect and empowerment. Whether your child has questions about social skills, routines, or emotional regulation, our team is here to help—with warmth, understanding, and real-world insight.